Activated Charcoal
ACTIVE CHARCOAL
Active charcoal binds the poison and prevents its absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. In cases of suspected poisoning, medical personnel administer activated carbon on the scene or at a hospital's emergency department. In rare situations, it may also be used in a hemoperfusion system to remove toxins from the blood stream of poisoned patients. Activated carbon has become the treatment of choice for many poisonings, and other decontamination methods such as ipecac-induced emesis or stomach pumping are now used rarely.
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Active charcoal
Active charcoal binds the poison and prevents its absorption by the gastrointestinal tract. In cases of suspected poisoning, medical personnel administer activated carbon on the scene or at a hospital's emergency department. In rare situations, it may also be used in a hemoperfusion system to remove toxins from the blood stream of poisoned patients. Activated carbon has become the treatment of choice for many poisonings, and other decontamination methods such as ipecac-induced emesis or stomach pumping are now used rarely.
Mechanisms of action:
- Binding of the poison to prevent stomach and intestinal absorption. Binding is reversible so a cathartic such as sorbitol may be added as well.
- It interrupts the enterohepatic and enteroenteric circulation of some drugs/toxins and their metabolites.
References
1. Jump up^ "WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines" (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
2. Jump up^ "Charcoal, Activated". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 13 August2015.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b "Charcoal, Activated". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
4. Jump up^ Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA; et al. (2008). "Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-poisoning: a randomised controlled trial". Lancet 371 (9612): 579–87.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60270-6. PMC 2430417. PMID 18280328.
5. Jump up^ Rolland, Jacques L. (2006). The Food Encyclopedia: Over 8,000 Ingredients, Tools, Techniques and People. Robert Rose. p. 148. ISBN 0-7788-0150-0.
6. Jump up^ Stearn, Margaret (2007). Warts and all: straight talking advice on life's embarrassing problems. London: Murdoch Books. p. 333. ISBN 978-1-921259-84-5. Retrieved2009-05-03.
7. Jump up^ Michael M, Brittain M, Nagai J; et al. (Nov 2004). "Phase II study of activated charcoal to prevent irinotecan-induced diarrhea". J Clin Oncol. 22 (21): 4410–7.doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.11.125. PMID 15514383.
8. Jump up^ Gogel HK, Tandberg D, Strickland RG (Sep 1989). "Substances that interfere with guaiac card tests: implications for gastric aspirate testing". Am J Emerg Med 7 (5): 474–80. doi:10.1016/0735-6757(89)90248-9. PMID 2787993.
9. Jump up^ Elliott C, Colby T, Kelly T, Hicks H (1989). "Charcoal lung. Bronchiolitis obliterans after aspiration of activated charcoal". Chest 96 (3): 672–4. doi:10.1378/chest.96.3.672.PMID 2766830.